PHYLOGENY OF EPHEMEROPTERA (BY N.J.KLUGE)

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(1) Wings with strongly expressed gemination. On fore wing [which has unbranched RSa₂ – see Behningia/fg1 (4), and bifurcate CuA – see Behningia/fg2 (3)] following pairs of veins are present: RSa₂+iRS, RSp+MA₁, iMA+MA₂, MP₁+iMP, MP₂+CuA. Between these pairs of veins intercalaries are lost and crossveins are weak; tornoapical margin is undulate, with concavities between apices of the vein pairs. Non-unique apomorphy (see Index of characters [2.2.28]): similar vein pairs (except for MP₂+CuA) are present in Palingenia/f3=g2 (being especially expressed in Cheirogenesia) and in some female Euthyplocia/fg1; Discoglossata also have vein pair MP₂+CuA, but veins anteriad of it are united in pairs in another manner.

(2) Larval hind leg [strongly modified – see Behningia/fg2 (1)] has femur strongly widened, with concavity into which can be inputted tibia [strongly shortened – see Behningia/fg2 (1)]. Tarsus is articulated to tibia movably, thus can bent at acute angle to tibia (in such a way that if leg would be non-specialized, tarsus would be directed outward). As a result, in folded condition femur, tibia and tarsus form a Z-figure, in which femur and tarsus are directed posteriorly. Patella-tibial suture of hind tibia is lost [but is retained on middle leg – see Behningia/fg2 (1)] (Kluge 2004: Fig.73:A–B).